Ilex aquifolium | Common Holly

The Ilex aquifolium is native to the UK. This is a slow-growing, evergreen shrub that can be clipped and pruned into various shapes and forms for hedging, or grown as a specimen tree. Well known for its dark, green, glossy leaves and red berries, the ilex aquifolium is most impressive in winter when it is used to make wreaths and decorate homes for the Christmas festive period. The leaves are thick, oval, dark green and glossy, they are spiky when young but, as the tree matures, they become smoother. This tree has small, inconspicuous white flowers in May that are followed by long-lasting red berries on female trees, in autumn. The Ilex aquifolium is a hardy tree and does well in most well-drained soil, in sun or shade. It can also withstand salt-laden winds, coastal sites and urban pollution. This is a valuable tree for all wildlife and, as hedging provides dense cover for nesting birds, and leaf litter can be used by hedgehogs and other small mammals for hibernation. The flowers provide nectar and pollen for bees and insects, and the berries are vital food for birds during winter. A classic tree with all year round interest, the Ilex aquifolium has many cultivars to explore.